Somba Opu Fort in South Sulawesi is a legacy of the Gowa Kingdom that preserves the history of maritime glory, magnificent architecture, and unique cultural attractions.
Somba Opu Fort is one of the most important historical relics in South Sulawesi, which is a symbol of the glory of the Gowa Kingdom in the past.
Built in the 16th century, this fort was not only the center of government, but also the center of spice trade that connected the archipelago with the outside world.
Its splendor is reflected in its magnificent architecture and its role as a formidable defensive fortress. Today, Somba Opu Fort is a historical tourist destination that offers an in-depth experience of the past.
History of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort was founded in 1525 by the 9th King of Gowa, Daeng Matanre Karaeng Tumapa’risi’ Kallonna.
Situated on the banks of the Jene’berang River, this strategic location makes it one of the main trading centers and maritime ports in Southeast Asia.
This fort was built to protect the Gowa Kingdom from enemy attacks and to strengthen its position as the largest maritime power in the archipelago.
The construction and development of the fort was continued by the successors of King Daeng Matanre, including Karaeng Tunipalangga Ulaweng and Sultan Hasanuddin.
During the reign of Sultan Hasanuddin, this fort became the center of resistance against the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie) colonial rule.
However, in 1669, after a fierce battle, Somba Opu Fort fell into the hands of the VOC. The fort was then destroyed and submerged by high tide for centuries.
In the 1980s, the fort was rediscovered by archaeologists. In 1990, reconstruction was carried out to restore its splendor, making it one of the historical tourist destinations that can be visited to this day.
Architecture and Structure of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort covers an area of about 1,500 hectares with a rectangular shape. Its sturdy walls, 7 to 8 meters high and about 3.6 meters thick, are made of red bricks arranged with high precision.
The architecture of the fort reflects the advanced technology and extraordinary skills possessed by the Gowa Kingdom at that time.
Inside the fort complex, there are several bastions or watchtowers. This bastion is used to monitor enemy movements and protect the fort from attack.
One of the main attractions is the 9-meter-long, 9,500-kilogram large cannon that was once placed here. This cannon demonstrates the defensive capabilities and technological expertise of the Gowa Kingdom.
Function and Role of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort is not only a defensive fortress, but also has various other important functions, including:
1. Defense Center
This fort was designed to protect the Gowa Kingdom from enemy attacks, both by land and sea. With thick walls and watchtowers, this fort was one of the strongest defenses of its time.
2. Center of Government
As the administrative center of the kingdom, this fort was the residence of the king, his family, and royal officials. Many important decisions were taken in this fort, making it the heart of the Gowa Kingdom’s government.
3. Trading Center
Its strategic location at the mouth of the Jene’berang River makes Somba Opu Fort a major trading port. Ships from all over the world, including Portuguese, Arabs and Chinese, stopped here to trade spices, one of the main commodities of the Gowa Kingdom.
Location and Access to Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort is located in Benteng Somba Opu Village, Barombong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The location is very close to Makassar City, only about 30 minutes by motor vehicle.
If you come from Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, the travel time to this fort is around 1 to 2 hours, depending on traffic conditions in Makassar. Access to the location is quite easy with various transportation options available.
Tourist Attractions at Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort has various attractions that make it a popular historical tourist destination:
1. The splendor of the fort
The fort itself is the main attraction. Visitors can see the reconstructed walls and feel the atmosphere of the glorious past. The fort complex is also equipped with historical information that provides in-depth insight into the Gowa Kingdom.
2. Traditional Houses of South Sulawesi
One of the unique attractions in this fort complex is the replicas of traditional houses from various tribes in South Sulawesi.
These traditional houses, including those of the Makassar, Bugis, Toraja and Mandar tribes, provide an insight into the cultural diversity of this region. In addition, this traditional house is often used as a place for cultural and artistic activities.
3. History Museum
The museum located within the fort complex houses various historical artifacts. The museum’s collection includes weapons such as cannons, spears, and bullets, as well as other objects such as ancient currency used during the Gowa Kingdom.
One of the most striking collections is the large cannon which is a symbol of the kingdom’s military power.
4. Culture and Uniqueness at Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort is not only a witness to the history of the Gowa Kingdom, but is also a center for preserving South Sulawesi culture.
Replicas of traditional houses, art performances and cultural exhibitions are often held here, giving visitors the opportunity to experience the richness of local traditions and culture.
5. Relive History
Visiting Somba Opu Fort is a good way to understand the history and culture of South Sulawesi. Every corner of this fort tells the story of a past full of glory and struggle.
This experience will give you a greater appreciation for the civilization that once triumphed in the archipelago.
Somba Opu Fort is a symbol of the timeless glory of the Gowa Kingdom. With its magnificent architecture, deep history, and unique cultural appeal, this fort is a must-visit tourist destination in South Sulawesi.
Not only a place to learn history, Benteng Somba Opu also provides a deep cultural experience, making it the perfect place to reminisce about the past while celebrating the richness of Nusantara culture.
As a witness to the glory of the past, Rotterdam Fortress reminds us of the importance of preserving cultural heritage for future generations. upcoming.
